Erysipelas is a bacterial skin infection that affects the upper layers of the skin and the lymphatic system. It is considered a specific type of cellulitis, but it tends to be more superficial and has more clearly defined borders.
This condition is most often caused by Streptococcus bacteria and can occur in both adults and children. Erysipelas commonly affects the face, legs, arms, or feet, and symptoms usually develop quickly.
Symptoms of Erysipelas
Symptoms of erysipelas often appear suddenly and may worsen rapidly without treatment. Common signs include:
- Red, swollen skin with raised, well-defined edges
- Skin that feels warm, tender, or painful to the touch
- Blisters or sores, especially on the face or legs
- Shiny, tight-looking skin
- Fever, chills, or general feelings of illness
- Facial involvement, including sores on the cheeks or bridge of the nose
Because erysipelas spreads quickly, early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications.
Causes of Erysipelas
Erysipelas occurs when Streptococcus bacteria enter the skin through a break, such as:
- Cuts, scrapes, or insect bites
- Surgical wounds
- Skin conditions like eczema or athlete’s foot
- Chronic swelling (lymphedema)
Once bacteria enter the skin, they trigger inflammation and infection, leading to the hallmark redness and swelling associated with erysipelas.
Erysipelas vs Cellulitis
While erysipelas and cellulitis are both bacterial skin infections, there are important differences:
- Erysipelas affects the upper layers of the skin and typically has raised, sharply defined borders
- Cellulitis involves deeper layers of the skin and often spreads more diffusely
- Erysipelas is more likely to cause fever and sudden onset symptoms
A dermatologist can determine the correct diagnosis through a physical examination and medical history.
Erysipelas Treatment Options
Erysipelas requires prompt medical treatment. Antibiotics are the primary treatment and are typically very effective when started early.
Common treatment approaches include:
- Oral antibiotics, often penicillin or a related medication
- Intravenous antibiotics for severe cases or patients with complications
- Rest and elevation of the affected area to reduce swelling
Most patients begin to improve within a few days of starting treatment, but it is important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed.
When to See a Dermatologist
You should contact a dermatologist as soon as you suspect erysipelas, especially if you notice rapidly spreading redness, pain, or fever. Early treatment can help prevent serious complications and speed recovery.
The dermatologists at Main Line Dermatology are experienced in diagnosing and treating bacterial skin infections, including erysipelas.